Exploring Social Stigma and Body Image Perception Among Women with Epilepsy in India

Abstract

Background: Epilepsy affects 12 million+ individuals in India, with women experiencing disproportionate psychosocial burdens. In addition to managing seizure activity, they endure stigma, body image disturbances, and social isolation, due to cultural-norms, misconceptions, and side effects of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). Objective: To explore the impact of social stigma and body image perception among women with epilepsy, and to identify psychosocial patterns that can inform community-based interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 52 women with epilepsy, aged 10-52 years (mean=26.96, SD=10.34). Participants completed a questionnaire assessing demographic details, awareness about seizure type, perceived stigma, AED-related physical changes, and body image perception using a 5-point Likert scale. Results: 94.2% participants were unaware of their seizure type and 59.6% reported visible side effects. Social stigma was prevalent: 73.1% expressed feelings of shame, and 55.8% reported hiding their condition. Body image perception was moderately positive (mean=3.50, SD=1.16), with internal consistency among related domains. Moderate positive correlations were observed between body image satisfaction and self-confidence in public. Marital status did not influence body image or stigma perceptions. Conclusion: This study highlights the burden faced by women with epilepsy: seizure management and psychosocial distress. The high prevalence of stigma, concealment, and body dissatisfaction emphasizes the need for culturally sensitive, community-based rehabilitation programs. Future interventions should incorporate education, peer support, and counseling to promote body positivity and reduce stigma.